9 Requirements for CNC Machining Cutting Tools. CNC machining technology has been applied to various fields that can be processed by ordinary machine tools, especially the processing of parts with complex shapes, small batches of single pieces, and high machining accuracy. It has a wide range of applications in aerospace, machinery manufacturing, automobile manufacturing, mold manufacturing and other industries.
CNC tool refers to the general term for various tools used in conjunction with CNC machine tools (such as machining centers, CNC lathes, CNC boring and milling machines, CNC drilling machines, automatic lines and flexible manufacturing systems, etc.), and is an indispensable key supporting product for CNC machine tools. The tool replaces the traditional tool with its high efficiency, precision, high speed, wear resistance, long life and good comprehensive cutting performance.
CNC machining has the characteristics of high speed, high efficiency and high degree of automation, and CNC cutting tools are one of the key technologies to realize CNC machining. In order to meet the needs of CNC machining technology and ensure high quality and efficient completion of CNC machining tasks, higher requirements are put forward for CNC machining tools than traditional machining tools. It has high rigidity and good rigidity, and requires stable tool size, convenient installation and adjustment, etc. The specific requirements of CNC machining for tools are as follows:
1. Tool material should have high reliability
CNC machining is carried out on CNC machine tools or machining centers, with high cutting speed and degree of automation, requiring tools with high reliability, long tool life, stable cutting performance, good quality consistency, and high repeatability.
Solving the problem of tool reliability has become one of the key technologies for the successful application of CNC machining. When choosing a CNC machining tool, in addition to the reliability of the tool material itself, the structure of the tool and the reliability of the clamping should also be considered.
2. Tool material should have high heat resistance, thermal shock resistance and high temperature mechanical properties
In order to improve production efficiency, the current CNC machine tools are developing towards high speed, high rigidity and high power. The increase in cutting speed often leads to an increase of cutting temperature. Therefore, the tool material is required to have a high melting point, high oxidation temperature, good heat resistance, and strong thermal shock resistance, and at the same time, the tool material is also required to have high high temperature mechanical properties, such as high temperature strength, high temperature hardness, high temperature toughness, etc.
3. CNC tools should have high precision
In CNC machining production, the processed parts are required to complete their machining accuracy after one clamping. Therefore, it is required that the tool be adjusted to the required dimensional accuracy with the help of a special tool setting device or tool setting instrument, and then installed on the machine tool for application. This requires the manufacturing precision of the tool to be high. Especially when using an indexable tool, the dimensional tolerance of the insert and the repeatability of the spatial position of the tool tip after the insert is indexed have strict accuracy requirements.
4. CNC tools should be able to change quickly
The CNC tool should be able to engage and disengage the CNC machine tool quickly and accurately, and be able to adapt to the operation of the manipulator and robot. This requires good tool interchangeability, rapid replacement, convenient size adjustment, and reliable installation, so as to reduce the pause caused by tool replacement. The size of the tool should be able to be preset off-machine with the aid of a tool setter to reduce downtime for tool change adjustments. Most of the current CNC machining centers use automatic tool changers.
5. CNC tools should be serialized, standardized and generalized
Minimize tool specifications to facilitate CNC programming and tool management, reduce processing costs, improve production efficiency, establish tool preparation units, conduct centralized management, and be responsible for tool storage, maintenance, pre-adjustment, configuration and other work.
6. CNC tool should adopt machine clamp indexable tool
Due to the machine clip, the indexable tool can meet the requirements of durability, stability, easy adjustment and exchange.
7. The CNC tool should adopt multi-functional composite tool and special tool
In order to give full play to the technical advantages of CNC machine tools and improve processing efficiency, the processing of complex parts requires multi-process centralized processing in one clamping, and dilutes the traditional boundaries of different cutting processes such as turning, milling, boring, and threading. An effective way to improve the efficiency of CNC machine tools and speed up product development.
8. CNC tools should be able to reliably break or roll chips
In order to ensure the stability of automatic production, CNC machining has higher requirements for chip processing. When cutting plastic materials, the breaking and curling of chips are often an important factor that determines whether CNC machining can be carried out normally. Therefore, CNC tools must have good chip breaking, chip curling and chip evacuation performance. It is required that the chips cannot be wrapped around the tool or the workpiece, the chips do not affect the machined surface of the workpiece, and do not hinder the subsequent processes. CNC tools generally take certain chip breaking measures (such as reliable chip breaker geometry, chip breaker table and chip breaker, etc.) in order to reliably break or roll chips.
9. CNC tool materials should be able to meet the needs of difficult-to-machine materials and new material processing
With the development of science and technology, high requirements are put forward for engineering materials, and various engineering materials with high strength, high hardness, corrosion resistance and high temperature resistance are increasingly used. Most of them are difficult-to-machine materials, which currently account for more than 40% of the workpiece. Therefore, CNC machining tools should be able to meet the needs of difficult-to-machine materials and new materials.
